Astronomical Applications Department, U.S. Naval Observatory lyapcalc Page 4
where we have assumed the increment in
time is small so that
. Upon rescal-
k
1
l k
2
ing, eq. (18) becomes
(19)
d
2
b
d
2
a
2
where, using eq. (18),
(20)
a
2
=
d
2
d
0
=
e
k
2
t
2
a
1
Hence, from eq. (20), we have
(21)
k
2
=
1
t
2
ln(a
1
a
2
)
Marc A. Murison
U.S. Naval Observatory
f:\dynamics\text\lyapcalc.lwp
Maximum Lyapunov Exponent Calculation
7:07pm September 30, 1995
4
