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Wilderness Medical Society - snowmass 2005
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of acute mountain sickness. Lancet 1976; 2: 1149-55.
Hackett PH, Rennie ID. Rales, peripheral edema, retinal hemorrhage and acute
mountain sickness Am J Med 1979; 67: 214-8.
Purkayastha SS, Ray US, Arora BS, et al. Acclimatization at high altitude in
gradual and acute induction. J Appl Physiol 1995; 79: 487-92.
Singh I, Khanna PK, Srivastava MC, et al. Acute mountain sickness. New Engl J
Med 1969; 280: 175-84.

C. Studies Supporting Category 1A Recommendation of Acetazolamide for AMS
Prophylaxis
Basnyat B, Gertsch JH, Johnson EW, et al. Efficacy of low-dose acetazolamide
(125 mg BID) for the prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness: a prospective, double-
blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. High Alt Med Biol 2003; 4: 45-52.
Dumont L, Mardirosoff C, Tramer MR. Efficacy and harm of pharmacological
prevention of acute mountain sickness: quantitative systematic review. BMJ 2000; 321:
267-72.
Gray GW, Bryan AC, Frayser R, et al. Control of acute mountain sickness.
Aerosp Med 1971; 42: 81-4.
Greene MK, Kerr AM, McIntosh IB, Prescott RJ. Acetazolamide in prevention of
acute mountain sickness: a double blind controlled cross-over study. Br Med J (Clin Res
Ed)
1981; 283: 811-3.
Gertsch JH, Basnyat B, Johnson EW, et al. Randomized, double blind, placebo
controlled comparison of ginkgo biloba and acetazolamide for prevention of acute
mountain sickness among Himalayan trekkers: the prevention of high altitude illness trial
(PHAIT). BMJ 2004; 7443: 797.
Larson EB, Roach RC, Schoene RB, Hornbein TF. Acute mountain sickness and
acetazolamide: Clinical efficacy and effect on ventilation. JAMA 1982; 248: 328-32.


D. Studies Supporting Category 1A Recommendation of Dexamethasone for AMS
Prophylaxis
Bernhard WN, Schalick LM, Delaney PA, et al. Acetazolamide plus low-dose
dexamethasone is better than acetazolamide alone to ameliorate symptoms of acute
mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1998; 69: 883-6.
Ellsworth AJ, Meyer EF, Larson EB. Acetazolamide or dexamethasone use versus
placebo to prevent acute mountain sickness on Mt. Rainier. West J Med 1991; 154: 289-
93.
Ellsworth AJ, Larson EB, Strickland D. A randomized trial of dexamethasone and
acetazolamide for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis. Am J Med 1987; 83: 1024.
Hackett PH, Roach RC, Wood RA, et al. Dexamethasone for prevention and
treatment of acute mountain sickness. Aviat Space Environ Med 1988; 59: 950-4.
Johnson TS, Rock PB, Fulco CS, et al. Prevention of acute mountain sickness by
dexamethasone. N Engl J Med 1984; 310: 683-6.
Rock PB, Johnson TS, Larsen RF, et al. Dexamethasone as prophylaxis for acute
mountain sickness, effect of dose level. Chest 1989; 95: 568-73.

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