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Salon Fundamentals
TM
Esthetics
Skin Types
There are five general categories of skin types
with which you need to become familiar. These
are based on the amount of sebum produced,
and include normal, dry, oily, combination and
mature/aging skin. The characteristics of each
of these are listed below.
Skin Conditions
There are many different conditions and
disorders with which you must be familiar as a
professional esthetician. Below are a few of the
most common you will encounter.
10
Skin Type
Characteristics
Normal
Contains sufficient moisture and
sebum production; displays few
breakouts and clogged areas;
presents small pores that may
be medium in size throughout
the T-zone.
Dry
Lacks adequate sebum production;
exhibits heightened sensitivity;
prone to fine lines and wrinkles;
presents small pores; appears thin
and delicate.
Oily
Displays excess sebum production;
appears thick and shiny; presents
larger pore size; prone to breakouts
and clogged areas; less likely to
display fine lines and wrinkles.
Combination
Displays areas that are both dry
and oily; most common skin type;
possibly may have larger pores
in T-zone.
Mature
Displays loose, thin, crepe-like
Aging
skin; apparent fine lines and
wrinkles; lacks elasticity and firm-
ness; natural aging process results
in increased dryness; exhibits
premature aging process after
exposure to sun and environment.
Condition/
Characteristics
Disorder
Dehydration Shows a lack of moisture (water) in
the skin; characterized by superficial
dryness, flakiness and lines; oily
skin can even show signs of
dehydration; generally caused by
improper product use and
environmental influences.
Couperose
Displays fine dilated capillaries
(telangiectasia) most frequently
found on the cheeks and corners
of nose; often caused by damage or
trauma to the skin or harsh products;
sensitive to extreme temperatures
and harsh products and chemicals.
Rosacea
Vascular disorder; characterized by
flushed redness, dilated capillaries
and small red bumps; generally
occurs between the ages of 30-40;
aggravating factors include alcohol,
stress, spicy foods and extreme
temperatures.
Acne
Caused by overactivity of sebaceous
glands; characterized by the presence
of blackheads, whiteheads, papules
and pustules; generally occurs in
adolescence; an outward
manifestation of internal changes
within the body.
