3
2002
2-Butyl crotonate
McGill, et al.
NIR, UV/VIS,
NMR
Shorter time resolution than
NIR
2001
Titanium Dioxide
(solid phase)
Clegg, et al.
-
Interface easily accomplished,
many sample types can be
analyzed, minimal intrusion to
the process, spectrometer is
protected, hazardous samples
can be readily sampled.
1999
Para-, ortho- and
meta-xylene
Gresham, et al.
NIR
Similar performance
1999
Glucose
Shaw, et al.
Couple with
chemometrics
Accurate
1999 Ethyl
acetate
Svensson, et al.
Couple with
chemometrics
Fast and accurate
1998 chlorosilane
monomers
(liquid phase)
Lipp and Gross
GC
Superior time resolution
From the reported cases shown in Table 2, it is very clear that Raman Spectroscopy has a very high
potential in on-line process monitoring. Even though it has higher investment cost compared to other
techniques, for example the cost in parts for the NIR instrument is approximately half that of the Raman
instrument (Gresham, et al: 1999), it will be the choice of instrument due to the advantages stated in
Table 2.
REFERENCES
Clegg, I.M., Everall, N.J., King, B., Melvin, H, and Norton, C. 2001. On-line Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy
for Process Control during the Manufacturing of Titanium Dioxide. Applied Spectroscopic. [online], 55 (9),
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Gresham, C.A, Gilmore, D.A. and Denton, M.B. 1999. Direct Comparison of Near-infrared Absorbance
Spectroscopy with Raman Scattering Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Xylene Isomer Mixtures.
Applied Spectroscopic. [online], 53 (10), 1177-1182. Available from:
http://thesius.ingentaselect.com.libproxyl.nus.edu.sg [Accessed 30 Jan 2005]
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[Accessed 30 Jan 2005]
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spectrometries, and at-line NMR spectrometry for the monitoring of an esterification reaction. Analyst.
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http://www.swetwise.com.libproxyl.nus.edu.sg [Accessed 30 Jan 2005]
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Shaw, A.D., Kaderbhai, N., Jones, A., Woodward, A.M., Goodacre, R., Rowland, J.J. and Kell, D.B. 1999.
Noninvasive, On-line Monitoring of the Biotransformation by Yeast of Glucose to Ethanol Using Dispersive
Raman Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Applied Spectroscopic. [online], 53 (11), 1419-1428. Available from:
http://thesius.ingentaselect.com.libproxyl.nus.edu.sg [Accessed 30 Jan 2005]
Svensson, O., Josefson, M. and Langkilde, F.W. 1999. Reaction Monitoring using Raman Spectroscopy and
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